Questions To Ask Before Signing Your First Lease

It’s always exciting renting your first apartment; whether you're moving out of your family home, relocating for work, or striking out on your own. However, understanding the details of your lease agreement can be challenging. Before signing on the dotted line, make sure you fully understand the terms and conditions that will govern your living situation for the next year or longer.

The lease agreement is more than just a formality; it’s a legally binding contract that outlines your rights and responsibilities as a tenant and the landlord’s obligations. Asking the right questions before signing your first lease can help avoid misunderstandings, hidden fees, and potential frustration.

1. What is the Total Rent, and How Is It Paid?

Clarify the exact monthly rent amount and the date it is due each month. Most rent will be due monthly, and your lease will specify the day of the month and whether or not there is a grace period. Confirm which payment methods your landlord or property management company accepts. It’s not uncommon for checks or bank money orders to be required for the initial costs.

Check your lease agreement for late payment policies. Some leases include a grace period (typically 3 to 5 days), and some may charge late fees if you miss the due date.

You should also ask whether the rent will be subject to increases during the lease term. While rent increases usually don’t occur within the first 12 months of a lease, it’s still wise to understand the renewal process and if the landlord plans to raise the rent once the lease ends.

2. What is Included in the Rent?

Before signing your lease, understand exactly what’s included in the rent and what you’ll be responsible for paying separately. Many leases bundle utilities into the rent price, covering utilities like water, gas, electricity, and trash collection. The lease agreement should clearly list which utilities are included.

Some apartments charge extra fees for amenities like parking, storage, or access to shared spaces like a gym or laundry room. Check if extras are included in your rent or if they will be charged separately.

Ask about any other potential fees that might arise during your tenancy. For instance, some landlords may charge an administrative fee, or there could be penalties for maintenance issues like clogged drains or damaged fixtures.

3. What Is the Lease Duration and Renewal Process?

Lease Duration

Most leases are for a 12-month term, but you should confirm the exact length with your landlord. You may also want to ask if they offer shorter leases (e.g., 6 months) or longer terms if you want more flexibility or stability.

Renewal Process

When the lease period ends, check if a new contract is required or if your landlord may move to a month-to-month rental agreement. Ask whether the landlord plans to increase the rent at the end of your lease, and if so, how much of an increase you might expect.

Non-renewal or Early Termination

Find out how much notice you need to give before deciding to renew or move out, as many leases require 30 to 60 days’ notice. There may come a time when you need to break your lease before the term ends, which may incur fees or a penalty.

Subletting

Some landlords are flexible and may allow you to sublet the apartment, but getting their approval in writing is crucial to avoid breaching the lease.

4. Are There Any Restrictions on the Property?

Many apartments have restrictions around these common areas:

• Smoking: buildings may prohibit smoking in certain common areas or within the apartment itself.
• Noise: check if there are noise restrictions in common areas or at certain times of day and night.
• Pets: landlords may have rules about the number, type, and size of pets allowed, and they may charge an additional pet fee or deposit.
• Guests: check if your lease limits how many nights a guest can stay and if you need to inform your landlord or building management; also ask about rules for hosting parties or gatherings.
• Modifications and decorating: check if the landlord allows modifications, such as painting walls or installing shelves, or if you’ll need approval. In larger cities or older buildings, there may be restrictions on certain appliances such as in-unit AC or washing machines.

5. What Is the Security Deposit and What Is It For?

The security deposit is a standard part of most leases, and you’ll need to understand what it covers and the conditions for its return. Security deposits are usually the equivalent of one month’s rent, and some cities impose a limit. The security deposit is held by your landlord for the duration of your lease. If there is any damage to the apartment, the landlord can take steps to deduct expenses from the security deposit.

Be sure to ask what exactly the security deposit will be used for. In most cases, it covers damages, cleaning costs, or unpaid rent, but understanding the specifics is important. Inquire about the process for returning the deposit after you move out. Many landlords will conduct a move-out inspection and must return the deposit within a certain time frame (usually 30 days), minus any deductions.

6. Who is Responsible for Maintenance?

Ask who is responsible for regular upkeep, like replacing light bulbs or changing air filters, and who handles larger repairs, such as plumbing or appliance issues. Knowing this will help avoid confusion later if something breaks or needs attention.

Inquire about how to report maintenance issues. Some landlords or property managers provide an online portal for submitting requests, while others may require a phone call or email. Be sure to ask how quickly they typically respond to urgent repairs (like a broken heater in winter) versus non-emergency requests (like a leaky faucet).

In general, landlords will cover the costs of general repairs and maintenance, and tenants will be responsible for the damage they cause.

7. Are There Any Hidden Fees or Charges?

Some landlords charge extra for services like garbage removal, pest control, or maintenance of shared spaces, hallways, or laundry rooms. Check if these types of costs are included in the rent or if they will be billed separately. Inquire about administrative fees for things like renewing your lease, processing late payments, or running credit checks.

Lastly, be sure to ask about any penalties for breaking lease terms; whether for subletting without permission, property damage, or failing to pay rent on time.

8. What is the Moving In and Out Process?

Ask your landlord about any specific requirements for move-in day, such as booking an elevator or restrictions on moving hours. Some buildings may require you to reserve a time slot for moving, especially in high-rise apartments, to avoid congestion and protect the building from damage.

Some landlords charge a non-refundable fee for cleaning or handling the transition between tenants. These costs should be clearly outlined in your lease.

9. What Happens in Case of an Emergency?

Check about the process for reporting urgent issues, such as a burst pipe, electrical problem, or fire hazard. Most landlords should provide emergency contact information for after-hours issues.

It’s also a good idea to ask about safety protocols in case of fire, flood, or other disaster. Some buildings may have evacuation plans, fire exits, or designated assembly areas.

Signing your first lease is an exciting step. Asking questions and understanding the terms of your lease will ensure you are fully prepared in your new home. Before you sign anything, remember to thoroughly review your lease and don't hesitate to ask questions if something is unclear. After all, a well-informed tenant is a happy tenant, and understanding your rights and responsibilities is the best way to set yourself up for a successful rental experience.